Optimizing the Sonication Method to Extract Silica and Synthesize Silicon from Coal Fly Ash for Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Material
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Fly ash is a solid waste generated from coal combustion in power plants. This study presents an optimized method for extracting high-purity silica from coal fly ash using Sequential Acid-Alkaline Leaching (SAAL) with HCl concentration variations (1–3 M), followed by magnesiothermic reduction and ultrasonic bath sonication (90–150 minutes) to produce nanosilicon. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis showed that 1 M HCl produced the highest silica purity (97.86%). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) characterization revealed that 150 minutes of sonication significantly reduced average silicon particle size to 6.26 nm through acoustic cavitation mechanisms. Electrical testing showed a resistance value of 3.93 M?. These findings demonstrate an effective approach for converting coal waste into high-value nanosilicon, supporting sustainable industrial practices and circular economy principles.
Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):
SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
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