DOI : https://doi.org/10.29165/ajarcde.v10i3.1327

Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Powder as a Bioadsorbent for Regenerating Palm Cooking Oil: Effects of Concentration and Immersion Time

Agnes Maharani Zikri (1), Ulya Sarofa (2), Rahmawati Rahmawati (3)
(1) Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Indonesia
(2) Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Indonesia
(3) Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Indonesia
Fulltext View | Download
How to cite (AJARCDE) :
Zikri, A. M., Sarofa, U., & Rahmawati, R. (2026). Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Powder as a Bioadsorbent for Regenerating Palm Cooking Oil: Effects of Concentration and Immersion Time. AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment), 10(3), 607–613. https://doi.org/10.29165/ajarcde.v10i3.1327
Citation Format :

Used frying oil undergoes quality deterioration due to hydrolysis, oxidation, and polymerization during repeated heating, necessitating regeneration to improve its quality. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) powder has potential as a natural bioadsorbent due to its porous structure, lignocellulosic components, and antioxidant compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of red ginger powder concentration and immersion time on the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of regenerated palm cooking oil and to determine the best treatment. The study employed a factorial Completely Randomized Design with two factors: red ginger powder concentration (5%, 10%, and 15% w/v) and immersion time (12, 24, and 36 h), with two replications. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan’s multiple range test at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that red ginger powder concentration and immersion time significantly affected the observed parameters (p ? 0.05). The best treatment was obtained using 15% w/v red ginger powder with 36 h immersion, resulting in a free fatty acid content of 0.3539%, peroxide value of 2.3333 mEq O?/kg, iodine value of 20.2665 mg/g, smoke point of 183.5°C, and viscosity of 68.00 mPa·s, with improved organoleptic color and aroma characteristics. The regeneration process improved the overall quality of used frying oil; however, the resulting moisture and free fatty acid contents did not fully meet the requirements of SNI 7709:2019. The findings demonstrate the potential of red ginger powder as a natural bioadsorbent for regenerating used palm cooking oil.

[1] Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Data Konsumsi Minyak Goreng Per Kapita Indonesia Tahun 2020–2024, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2024.

[2] Nitami, M., Yani, F., Veronika, E., & Azteria, V. Perilaku penggunaan minyak goreng & pengetahuan tentang bahaya minyak jelantah pada pedagang gorengan di Jatikramat. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 7(10), 4607–4616. 2025.

[3] Fanani, N., & Ningsih, E. Analisis kualitas minyak goreng habis pakai yang digunakan oleh pedagang penyetan di daerah Rungkut Surabaya ditinjau dari kadar air dan kadar asam lemak bebas (ALB). Jurnal IPTEK, 22(2), 59–66. 2018.

[4] Ulfah, M., Tamanampo, C. N., & Sunardi, S. The refining capability of palm shell activated carbon for waste cooking oil. Food ScienTech Journal, 5(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.33512/fsj.v5i1.16644. 2023.

[5] Salim, A., Aras, N. R. M., & Sitanggang, B. C. Modifikasi bioadsorben rumput laut (Eucheuma cottonii)-abu sekam padi sebagai bioadsorben limbah cair industri minuman ringan. Journal of Chemical Process Engineering, 6(2), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.33536/jcpe.v6i2.817. 2021.

[6] Abdelbasir, S. M., Shehab, A. I., & Abdel Khalek, M. A. Spent bleaching earth: Recycling and utilization techniques: A review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling Advances, 17, 200124. 2023.

[7] Setiawan, A. A., Eddy, S., Rangga, R., & Midia, K. R. Potensi limbah biomassa sebagai bioadsorben dalam menanggulangi pencemaran logam berat. Environmental Science Journal (ESJO): Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 29–38. 2022.

[8] Putri, M. P., Prodyanatasari, A., & Purnadianty, M. Adsorpsi serbuk kunyit dan jahe emprit untuk menurunkan bilangan asam minyak jelantah. Jurnal Sintesis: Penelitian Sains, Terapan dan Analisisnya. 2025.

[9] Diantari, N. K., & Astuti, K. W. Potensi ekstrak rimpang jahe merah (Zingiber officinale Rosc. var. rubrum) sebagai nutraceutical. Prosiding Workshop dan Seminar Nasional Farmasi, 2, 631–642. https://doi.org/10.24843/WSNF.2022.v02.p50. 2023.

[10] Fadila, R. I., Iqbal, M., Triyandi, R., & Rahayu, I. D. Aktivitas antioksidan pada temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) dan jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum). Medical Profession Journal of Lampung, 14(4), 719–724. 2024

[11] Mardwita, M., Yusmartini, E. S., & Selviana, N. Pengaruh berat karbon aktif dari ampas tebu dan lama perendaman terhadap kualitas minyak goreng bekas. Jurnal Inovator, 5(1), 12–17. 2022.

[12] Destiana, I. D., & Mukminah, N. Teknologi Lemak Minyak. Polsub Press. 2021.

[13] Fafa, N., & Ayu, W. D. Jahe Merah: Senyawa Bioaktif, Manfaat, dan Metode Analisisnya. Widina Bhakti Persada Bandung, 1, 15–19. 2022.

[14] Angraini, N., Agustina, T. E., & Hadiah, F. Pengaruh pH dalam pengolahan air limbah laboratorium dengan metode adsorpsi terhadap penurunan kadar logam berat Pb, Cu, dan Cd. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 20(2), 345–355. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.20.2.345-355. 2022.

[15] Taufik, M., & Seftiono, H. Karakteristik fisik dan kimia minyak goreng sawit hasil proses penggorengan. Jurnal Teknologi, 10(2), 123–130. 2018.

[16] Khoirunnisa, Z., Setya, W., & Rusdin, R. Angka asam dan peroksida minyak jelantah dari penggorengan lele secara berulang. Jurnal Teknologi, 12(2), 81–90. 2019.

[17] Inayati, N. I., & Dhanti, K. R. Minyak jelantah dan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan. 2021.

[18] Ketaren, S. Pengantar Teknologi Minyak dan Lemak Pangan. Jakarta: UI Press. 2005.

[19] Syauqiah, I., Amalia, M., & Kertini, H. A. Analisis variasi waktu dan kecepatan pengaduk pada proses adsorpsi limbah logam berat dengan arang aktif. Info Teknik, 12(1), 11–20. 2011.

[20] Meriatna, Sylvia, N., & Aprilia, T. R. Adsorpsi minyak jelantah menggunakan adsorben cangkang telur ayam yang diaktivasi secara fisika dan kimia. Seminar Nasional Fakultas Teknik Universitas Malikussaleh, 960–966. 2022.

[21] Abdullah, S., & Yustinah. Pemanfaatan enceng gondok sebagai bio-adsorben pada pemurnian minyak goreng bekas. Konversi, 9(2), 25–32. 2020.

[22] Kojong, E., Ogie, T. B., Porong, J. V., Rotinsulu, W. C., Tumbelaka, S., Paat, F. J., & Nangoi, R. Morphological characteristics of local red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) in Poso Pesisir District, Central Sulawesi Province. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan, 4(2), 301–310. https://doi.org/10.35791/jat.v4i2.44098. 2023.

[23] Irwandi, R., Yenti, S. R., & Chairul. Penentuan massa dan waktu kontak optimum adsorpsi karbon aktif dari ampas tebu sebagai adsorben logam berat Pb. JOM FTEKNIK, 2(2), 1–9. 2015.

[24] Taufik, M., & Seftiono, H. Karakteristik fisik dan kimia minyak goreng sawit hasil proses penggorengan. Jurnal Teknologi, 10(2), 123–130. 2018.

[25] Fafa, N., & Ayu, W. D. Jahe Merah: Senyawa Bioaktif, Manfaat, dan Metode Analisisnya. Widina Bhakti Persada Bandung, vol. 1, pp. 15–19, 2022.

[26] Siregar, P. N. B., Pedha, K. I. T., Resmianto, K. F. W., Chandra, N., Maharani, V. N., & Riswanto, F. D. O. Review: Kandungan kimia jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) dan pembuktian in silico sebagai inhibitor SARS-CoV-2. Jurnal Pharmascience, 9(2), 185–200. 2022.

[27] Junedi, S., & Jan, A. T. M. L. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) menghambat oksidasi minyak kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.). Cocos, 6(15), 2234–2239. 2015.

[28] Zhao, X., Zhu, H., Chen, J., & Ao, Q. FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis of ginger powders with different particle sizes. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 39, 2017–2026. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.12442. 2015.

[29] Shahidi, F., & Dissanayaka, C. S. Phenolic–protein interactions: Insight from in-silico analyses—A review. Food Production, Processing and Nutrition, 5(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43014-022-00121-0. 2023.

[30] Sembiring, B. S. B., Fanani, M. Z., & Jumiono, A. Pengaruh teknologi pengeringan terhadap mutu simplisia seledri. Jurnal Ilmiah Pangan Halal, 4(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.30997/jiph.v4i2.9898. 2022.

[31] Ahmed, S. H. H., Gonda, T., & Hunyadi, A. Medicinal chemistry inspired by ginger: Exploring the chemical space around 6-gingerol. RSC Advances, 11(43), 26687–26699. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA04227. 2021.

[32] Onn, M., Muniandy, K., Zaiton, S. N. A., & Wahit, M. U. Free fatty acid reduction in used frying oil via bio adsorbent: A short review. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 106, 139–144. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET23106024. 2023.

[33] Amalia, A. N., Valio, F. A., Haq, H. S., & Kusumah, F. H. Studi perbandingan kualitas minyak goreng berdasarkan viskositas dan kandungan asam lemak jenuh minyak goreng. Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisipline, 687–692. 2024.

[34] Siswarni, M., Ranita, L. I., & Safitri, D. Pembuatan biosorben dari biji pepaya (Carica papaya L.) untuk penyerapan zat warna. Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU, 6(2), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v6i2.1576. 2017.

[35] Tuslinah, L., Amelia, K. V., & Yuliana, A. Pengaruh ukuran partikel bioadsorben akar alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica L.) terhadap kualitas minyak jelantah. Jurnal Kesehatan Bakti Tunas Husada: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keperawatan, Analis Kesehatan dan Farmasi, 23(2). 2023.

[36] Safitri, E. V., & Amalia, R. Optimasi kondisi operasi pembuatan adsorben ampas singkong untuk pemurnian minyak jelantah dan aplikasinya sebagai sabun cair cuci tangan. Jurnal Rekayasa Proses, 17(2), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.76634. 2023.

[37] Rahmadani, S., Sa’idah, S., & Wardatun, S. Optimasi ekstraksi jahe merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) dengan metode maserasi. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Farmasi, 1(1), 1–8. 2018.

[38] Suarsa, I. W., Simpen, I. N., & Prayani, M. W. Adsorpsi asam lemak bebas pada minyak jelantah dengan TiO?/zeolit alam. Jurnal Kimia, 16(2), 189–195. https://doi.org/10.24843/JCHEM.2022.v16.i02.p09. 2022.

[39] Luhurningtyas, F. P., Susilo, J., Yuswantina, R., Widhihastuti, E., & Ardiyansah, F. W. Aktivitas imunomodulator dan kandungan fenol ekstrak terpurifikasi rimpang jahe merah (Zingiber officinale Rosc. var. rubrum). Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product, 4(1), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.35473/ijpnp.v4i1.974. 2021.

[40] Widayatno, T., Yuliawati, T., Susilo, A. A., et al. Adsorpsi logam berat (Pb) dari limbah cair dengan adsorben arang bambu aktif. Jurnal Teknologi Bahan Alam, 1(1), 17–23. 2017.

[41] Kholis, I., & Setiaji, K. Analysis of the Effectiveness of Fertilizer Subsidy Policy for Rice Farmers. Economic Education Analysis Journal, 9(2), 503–515. https://doi.org/10.15294/eeaj.v9i2.39543. 2020.

[42] Lubis, Y. H. Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Kandang dan Mikoriza terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Pembibitan Pre-Nursery. Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Medan Area, 2011.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.