DOI : https://doi.org/10.29165/ajarcde.v10i3.1321

Optimization of Crystal Violet Adsorption onto Black Soldier Fly Pupae-Modified Avocado Seed Adsorbent Using Response Surface Methodology

Rahmiana Zein (1), Bagas Sandy Nugroho (2), Refilda (3)
(1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra 25163, Indonesia
(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
(3) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra 25163, Indonesia
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Zein, R., Nugroho, B. S., & Refilda, R. (2026). Optimization of Crystal Violet Adsorption onto Black Soldier Fly Pupae-Modified Avocado Seed Adsorbent Using Response Surface Methodology. AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment), 10(3), 694–702. https://doi.org/10.29165/ajarcde.v10i3.1321
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Crystal violet (CV) is a cationic dye widely used in various industrial applications, and its presence in the environment poses a potential risk to water quality. This study aimed to optimize the CV adsorption capability of a Black Soldier Fly pupae-modified avocado seed adsorbent (AS-BSF) using a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design (BBD). The quadratic model was statistically significant (p < 0.0001), with an R2 of 0.9070 and an adjusted R2 of 0.8139. Initial CV concentration and solution pH were significant linear factors, while all quadratic terms also showed significant effects on adsorption capacity. The optimum conditions predicted by the model were pH 7.75, initial concentration of 1522.38 mg L-1, contact time of 46.83 min, and heating adsorbent of 47.93°C, yielding a predicted adsorption capacity of 166.916 mg g-1 and a desirability value of 0.874. Experimental validation under the optimized conditions yielded an adsorption capacity of 169.114 mg g-1. These results demonstrate that RSM-BBD is effective for modeling and optimizing the CV adsorption capacity of the AS-BSF adsorbent.


Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):
SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

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